<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>AKHB&#256R LUDHI&#256&#7750&#256</TITLE>਍㰀猀琀礀氀攀 琀礀瀀攀㴀∀琀攀砀琀⼀挀猀猀∀㸀ഀഀ
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</style><META http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"></HEAD>਍㰀䈀伀䐀夀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䈀伀䐀夀∀ 漀渀挀漀渀琀攀砀琀洀攀渀甀㴀∀爀攀琀甀爀渀 昀愀氀猀攀∀ 漀渀搀爀愀最猀琀愀爀琀㴀∀爀攀琀甀爀渀 昀愀氀猀攀∀ 漀渀猀攀氀攀挀琀猀琀愀爀琀㴀∀爀攀琀甀爀渀 昀愀氀猀攀∀㸀ഀഀ
<FONT ALIGN="JUSTIFY" FACE="Tahoma">਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀⌀㘀㔀㈀㜀㤀㰀椀㸀䄀㰀甀㸀䬀䠀㰀⼀甀㸀䈀☀⌀㈀㔀㘀刀 䰀唀䐀䠀䤀☀⌀㈀㔀㘀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀　☀⌀㈀㔀㘀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 愀 眀攀攀欀氀礀 渀攀眀猀瀀愀瀀攀爀 椀渀 倀攀爀猀椀愀渀 猀瀀漀渀猀漀爀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 一漀爀琀栀 圀攀猀琀 䘀爀漀渀琀椀攀爀 䄀最攀渀挀礀 愀琀 䰀甀搀栀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 椀渀 一漀瘀攀洀戀攀爀 ㄀㠀㌀㐀⸀ 吀栀攀 瀀愀瀀攀爀Ⰰ 愀 昀漀甀爀ⴀ瀀愀最攀 猀栀攀攀琀 椀渀椀琀椀愀氀氀礀Ⰰ 戀甀琀 搀漀甀戀氀椀渀最 椀琀猀 猀椀稀攀 眀椀琀栀椀渀 琀眀漀 礀攀愀爀猀Ⰰ 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀 瀀爀椀渀琀椀渀最 愀琀 琀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 䴀椀猀猀椀漀渀愀爀礀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ 䰀甀搀栀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 猀栀椀昀琀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 倀愀猀栀愀甀爀椀 䴀愀氀氀 倀爀攀猀猀Ⰰ 䰀甀搀栀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 椀渀 䨀甀渀攀 ㄀㠀㐀㄀⸀ 吀栀爀攀攀 礀攀愀爀猀 氀愀琀攀爀 椀琀 挀攀愀猀攀搀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀⸀ 䤀琀 栀愀搀 愀 猀洀愀氀氀 挀椀爀挀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 洀愀椀渀氀礀 搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀攀搀 戀礀 琀栀攀 爀攀焀甀椀爀攀洀攀渀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀愀猀琀 䤀渀搀椀愀 䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀✀猀 最漀瘀攀爀渀洀攀渀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 渀愀洀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 攀搀椀琀漀爀 漀爀 猀甀戀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 爀愀琀攀猀 眀攀爀攀 渀漀眀栀攀爀攀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The <i>A<u>kh</u>b&#257r</i> carried news furnished by English newsprinters from various parts of the Punjab. The main focus was Lahore, the Sikh capital, and news from Lahore was for several years the front-page caption in the paper, the day-to-day happenings at the court of Ra&#7751j&#299t Si&#7749gh, the royal decrees to civil and military officers and visits of the <i>vak&#299ls</i> or representatives of independent and feudatory states constituting the staple news taking up nearly half the space. Interesting incidental information is thus provided concerning the character of the Mah&#257r&#257j&#257 and his administration such as his generous treatment of his soldiers (the paper in its issue No. 99, 19 November 1836, records how, on Suchet Si&#7749gh &#7692ogr&#257's report that a platoon had returned after arduous duty in Bann&#363, the Mah&#257r&#257j&#257 immediately sanctioned two months' leave of absence for them to visit their families), the severity with which he dealt with the law-breakers and miscreants (issue No. 114, 4 March 1837, records the decree issued by the Mah&#257r&#257j&#257 for taking severe action against the Afr&#299d&#299 <i>zam&#299nd&#257rs</i> for their unlawful activities), the hospitality shown by his government to foreign travellers and dignitaries (No. 106, 7 January 1837), and the realization of revenue from the turbulent tribes of trans-Indus region (No. 115, 19 December 1836). There are references to the condition of the peasantry, law and order situation, mode of collection of revenue, celebration of festival occasions, and to the feudal demesnes of the Sikh nobility resumable after the death of the occupant or sometimes even before (No. 109, 3 December 1836).</p>਍㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀㄀∀㸀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀☀渀戀猀瀀㬀䈀攀猀椀搀攀猀 渀攀眀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䰀愀栀漀爀攀 䐀愀爀戀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 㰀椀㸀䄀㰀甀㸀欀栀㰀⼀甀㸀戀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀㰀⼀椀㸀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀搀 愀渀 漀挀挀愀猀椀漀渀愀氀 椀琀攀洀 昀爀漀洀 䰀甀搀栀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀Ⰰ 琀栀漀甀最栀 渀漀琀栀椀渀最 愀戀漀甀琀 琀栀攀 愀挀琀椀瘀椀琀椀攀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀 瀀漀氀椀琀椀挀愀氀 愀最攀渀挀椀攀猀 愀琀 䰀甀搀栀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 漀爀 䄀洀戀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀氀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀⸀ 䤀渀 昀愀挀琀Ⰰ 椀琀 猀栀甀渀渀攀搀 愀氀氀 渀攀眀猀 爀攀氀愀琀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 䔀愀猀琀 䤀渀搀椀愀 䌀漀洀瀀愀渀礀 愀渀搀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 漀渀氀礀 猀甀挀栀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀猀 愀猀 栀愀搀 渀漀琀栀椀渀最 琀漀 搀漀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 瀀漀氀椀挀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䈀爀椀琀椀猀栀 椀渀 䤀渀搀椀愀⸀ 一攀眀猀 愀戀漀甀琀 搀椀猀瀀甀琀攀猀 愀渀搀 搀椀猀琀甀爀戀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 刀愀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀樀☀⌀㈀㤀㤀琀 匀椀渀最栀 琀攀爀爀椀琀漀爀椀攀猀Ⰰ 愀戀漀甀琀 挀漀甀爀琀 椀渀琀爀椀最甀攀猀Ⰰ 洀甀爀搀攀爀猀 漀昀 瀀爀椀渀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 㰀椀㸀猀愀爀搀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀猀㰀⼀椀㸀 愀渀搀 漀昀 琀栀攀 瀀漀眀攀爀 漀昀 琀栀攀 匀椀欀栀 愀爀洀礀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 䴀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀樀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀✀猀 搀攀愀琀栀Ⰰ 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀搀 瀀爀漀洀椀渀攀渀琀 搀椀猀瀀氀愀礀⸀ 䄀琀 琀椀洀攀猀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 栀愀瀀瀀攀渀椀渀最猀 愀琀 昀愀爀ⴀ漀昀昀 瀀氀愀挀攀猀 猀甀挀栀 愀猀 䌀愀氀挀甀琀琀愀Ⰰ 䰀攀栀Ⰰ 䠀礀搀攀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀戀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀搀Ⰰ 䴀甀氀琀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀Ⰰ 䈀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀眀愀氀瀀甀爀Ⰰ 䈀愀氀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀挀栀椀猀琀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀渀Ⰰ 儀愀渀搀愀栀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀Ⰰ 䈀甀㰀甀㸀欀栀㰀⼀甀㸀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀爀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 愀渀搀 䬀栀愀椀戀愀爀Ⰰ 眀攀爀攀 愀氀猀漀 爀攀瀀漀爀琀攀搀⸀ 一攀眀猀 漀昀 氀漀挀愀氀 愀猀 眀攀氀氀 愀猀 漀昀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀 瀀甀戀氀椀挀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 眀愀猀 昀攀愀琀甀爀攀搀 猀漀洀攀琀椀洀攀猀㬀 昀漀爀 椀渀猀琀愀渀挀攀Ⰰ 琀栀攀 漀瀀攀渀椀渀最 漀昀 愀渀 䔀渀最氀椀猀栀ⴀ洀攀搀椀甀洀 猀挀栀漀漀氀 愀琀 䰀甀搀栀椀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀☀⌀㜀㜀㔀㄀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀 椀渀 ㄀㠀㌀㐀 ⠀一漀⸀ ㄀㄀㄀Ⰰ ㄀㄀ 䘀攀戀爀甀愀爀礀 ㄀㠀㌀㜀⤀Ⰰ 愀渀搀 㰀椀㸀栀愀戀猀ⴀ椀ⴀ搀愀洀㰀⼀椀㸀 ⠀挀漀渀琀爀漀氀 漀昀 戀爀攀愀琀栀⤀ 瀀攀爀昀漀爀洀攀搀 戀礀 愀 㰀椀㸀猀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀搀栀☀⌀㌀㘀㌀㰀⼀椀㸀Ⰰ 渀愀洀攀搀 䐀栀愀爀愀洀 䐀☀⌀㈀㔀㜀猀Ⰰ 戀礀 爀攀洀愀椀渀椀渀最 愀氀椀瘀攀 昀漀爀 㐀　 搀愀礀猀 戀甀爀椀攀搀 甀渀搀攀爀最爀漀甀渀搀 ⠀一漀⸀ ㄀㄀㈀Ⰰ ㄀㄀ 䘀攀戀爀甀愀爀礀 ㄀㠀㌀㜀⤀⸀㰀⼀瀀㸀ഀഀ
<p class="C1">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The style of writing, unlike that of the Persian chronicles generally, was exempt from verbosity. The language used was simple and easily intelligible. The editor apparently had a good command of Persian and he made the maximum use of the space by his economy and precision of phrase. He dispensed with the elaborate forms of honorifics usually surrounding the names of chiefs and grandees.</p>਍㰀⼀漀氀㸀㰀瀀 挀氀愀猀猀㴀∀䌀伀一吀∀㸀䈀栀愀最愀琀 匀椀☀⌀㜀㜀㐀㤀最栀㰀戀爀㸀㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀䈀刀㸀ഀഀ
</font>਍㰀椀洀最 猀爀挀㴀∀挀漀甀渀琀攀爀⸀愀猀瀀砀∀ 眀椀搀琀栀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 栀攀椀最栀琀㴀∀㄀瀀砀∀ 愀氀琀㴀∀∀㸀ഀഀ
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